Evidence-Based Nursing Filters (CINAHL)

Evidence-Based Nursing Filters are search strategies that have been constructed by librarians to help you retrieve articles in the CINAHL database that deal with diagnosis, etiology, prognosis, therapy, meta-analysis, and qualitative research. The table below shows all the search terms included in each filter. They were developed at the Miner library at the University of Rochester along with Ann McKibbon and Cindy Walker-Dilks of McMaster University.

Clicking any of the following links will activate the Ovid CINAHL database and automatically run the search. Simply combine the results with your own search terms. For example, to search for articles on the diagnosis of congestive heart failure, click on "Run the Diagnosis Filter," which will result in 17 search statements. Type in the search term, "Heart Failure, Congestive." Combine search statements #17 and #18. You may also want to limit your search to articles that are research-oriented, in English or published within a particular time period.

Run Diagnosis Filter
Run Etiology Filter
Run Prognosis Filter
Run Therapy Filter
Run Meta-analysis Filter
Run Qualitative Research Filter

Note: An error message may indicate that the system is running slow & timing out the search. Try again in a few minutes.

Diagnosis

1.exp "measurement issues and assessments"/
2.exp diagnostic errors/
3.exp observer bias/
4.diagnosis, differntial/
5.reproducibility of results/
6.clinical assessment tools/
7.nursing assessment/
8.exp professional practice, research-based/
9.nursing diagnoses.pt.
10.(practice guidelines or systematic review).pt.
11.research.pt.
12.(sensitivit$ or specificit$).tw.
13.predictive value$.tw.
14.(false adj (negative$ or positive$)).tw.
15.likelihood ratio$.tw.
16.accuracy.tw.
17.or/1-16

Therapy

1.pilot studies/
2.reproducibility of results/
3.exp clinical research/
4.exp clinical trials/
5.research methodology/
6.meta analysis/
7.crossover design/
8.patient selection/
9.random assignment/
10.sample size/
11.placebos/
12.comparative studies/
13.study design/
14.experimental studies/
15.community trials/
16.exp random sample/
17.research/
18.exp professional practice, research based/
19.exp "outcomes (health care"/
20.(research or clinical trial).pt.
21.(practice guidelines or systematic review).pt.
22.nursing interventions.pt.
23.(critical path or care plan or protocol).pt.
24.random$.tw.
25.(efficacy or effectiveness).tw.
26.((double or single or triple) adj blind$).tw.
27.placebo$.tw.
28.(sham or mask$).tw.
29.(intention to treat).tw.
30.(control$ trial$).tw.
31.or/1-30

Etiology

1.analytic research/
2.exp case-control studies/
3.exp prospective studies/
4.exp risk factors/
5.odds ratio/
6.exp non-experimental studies/
7.exp professional practice, research based/
8.exp epidemiological research/
9.research/
10.research.pt.
11.cohort$.tw.
12.case control$.tw.
13.risk$.tw.
14.relative risk$.tw.
15.(causation or causal$).tw.
16.etiol$.tw.
17.aetiol$.tw.
18.odds ratio$.tw.
19.or/1-18

Meta-analysis

1.meta-analysis/
2.literature review/
3.exp literature searching/
4.systematic review.pt.
5.practice guidelines.pt.
6.nursing interventions.pt.
7.(care plan or critical path or protocol).pt.
8.(metaanaly$ or meta analy$).tw.
9.metanaly$.tw.
10.((systematic or quantitative or methodologic$) adj (overview$ or
review$)).tw.
11.integrative research review$.tw.
12.research integration.tw.
13.(handsearch$ or ((hand or manual) adj search$).tw.
14.mantel haenszel.tw.
15.peto.tw.
16.fixed effect$.tw.
17.(medline or cinahl or psyc?info or psyc?lit or embase).tw.
18.(scisearch or science citation or isi citation or web of science).tw.
19.(dersimonian or der simonian).tw.
20.(pooled adj data).tw.
21.or/1-20

Prognosis

1.exp prospective studies/
2.exp prognosis/
3.exp "outcomes (health care)"/
4.exp morbidity/
5.exp mortality/
6.exp survival analysis/
7.disease progression/
8.time factors/
9.recurrence/
10.exp non-experimental studies/
11.research.pt.
12.natural history.tw.
13.prognos$.tw.
14.inception cohort$.tw.
15.predic$.tw.
16.prognostic factor.tw.
17.clinical course.tw.
18.outcome$.tw.
19.course.tw.
20.or/1-19

Qualitative Research

1.qualitative studies/
2.ethnographic research/
3.phenomenological research/
4.ethnonursing research/
5.grounded theory/
6.exp qualitative validity/
7.purposive sample/
8.exp observational method/
9.content analysis/ or thematic analysis/
10.constant comparative method/
11.field studies/
12.theoretical sample/
13.discourse analysis/
14.focus groups/
15.phenomenology/ or ethnography/ or ethnological research/
16.or/1-15
17.qualitative.tw or ethnon$.tw or phenomenol$.tw
18.grounded adj (theor$ or study or studies or research).tw
19.constant adj (comparative or comparison).tw
20.purpos$ adj sampl$4.tw
21.focus adj group$.tw
22.emic.tw or etic.tw or hermeneutic$.tw or heuristic.tw or semiotics.tw
23.data adj1 saturat$.tw
24.participant adj observ$.tw
25.heidegger$.tw or colaizzi$.tw or spiegelberg$.tw
26.van adj manen$.tw
27.van adj kaam$.tw
28.merleau adj ponty$.tw
29.husserl$.tw or giorgi$.tw
30.field adj (study or studies or research).tw
31.lived experience$.tw
32.narrative analysis.tw
33.discourse$3 adj analysis.tw
34.human science.tw
35.life experiences/
36.exp cluster sample/
37.or/1-36